Know a City Daily Series: Kazakhstan - Turkestan
Located in southern Kazakhstan, Turkestan is a historic and spiritual city known as the “Heart of the Great Steppe.” Rich in history and culture, it is home to iconic landmarks, vibrant traditions, and spiritual significance that attracts visitors and pilgrims alike.
Why Turkestan?
Turkestan is more than just a city; it is a cultural and spiritual symbol of Kazakhstan. Revered as the spiritual capital of the country, Turkestan offers visitors a unique blend of historical grandeur and modern development. From its ancient roots as a key trading hub on the Silk Road to its contemporary significance, Turkestan is a city where history, religion, and Kazakh heritage intertwine.

A Glimpse into Turkestan’s History
Turkestan traces its roots back over 1,500 years, flourishing as a cultural and trade center on the Silk Road. Its historical significance was cemented in the 12th century with the arrival of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a revered Sufi mystic whose teachings shaped the spiritual landscape of Central Asia. His magnificent mausoleum, constructed under the patronage of Timur in the 14th century, remains one of Turkestan’s most iconic sites. Today, Turkestan is recognized for preserving its historical heritage while embracing the future as a center of tourism and development in Kazakhstan.
Education in Turkestan
Turkestan is emerging as a hub for education and cultural studies, contributing to intellectual development and cultural preservation.
Khoja Ahmed Yasawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Founded in 1991, this university honors the city’s spiritual legacy while focusing on modern academic pursuits. It attracts students from across Central Asia, offering programs in medicine, engineering, and humanities, with a unique emphasis on Kazakh-Turkish cooperation.
Living in Turkestan
Turkestan offers a balance of history, culture, and modern conveniences. With improving infrastructure, affordable living, and a welcoming atmosphere, it is an accessible destination for residents and visitors alike.
Architectural Wonders
Turkestan’s historic landmarks stand as symbols of its religious and cultural importance.
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this 14th-century mausoleum is an architectural masterpiece and a key pilgrimage destination. Its intricate tilework, domes, and minarets reflect Timurid architectural brilliance.
Cultural Hub and Modern Landmarks
Turkestan continues to grow as a cultural and tourist hub, with modern architectural projects like the Karavansaray complex—a blend of historical motifs and modern urban design, featuring theaters, shops, and cultural displays.
Green Spaces and Outdoor Activities
Though steeped in history, Turkestan provides ample opportunities to enjoy its natural beauty and tranquil landscapes.
The Steppe Surrounding Turkestan
The expansive Kazakh steppe around Turkestan offers picturesque scenery, with opportunities for hiking and exploring Kazakhstan’s unique ecosystem.Historical Complex Parks
The gardens surrounding the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi provide a serene spot for reflection and relaxation.
Cultural Life
Turkestan is deeply rooted in Kazakh traditions, offering a vibrant cultural experience.
Festivals
Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Festival: Celebrating the legacy of the city’s spiritual leader with cultural displays, music, and Sufi performances.
Nauryz (Persian New Year): A major celebration marking the beginning of spring with vibrant markets, traditional games, and feasts.
Museums
The Turkestan History Museum: Showcases artifacts, manuscripts, and exhibits detailing Turkestan’s role in the history of Kazakhstan and the Silk Road.
Theater and Arts
Turkestan’s cultural centers host performances that celebrate Kazakh traditions, music, and storytelling.
Modern Lifestyle
Cuisine
Turkestan’s culinary scene reflects the rich flavors of Kazakh and Central Asian cuisines.
Traditional Kazakh Dishes: Savor beshbarmak (boiled meat and noodles), kumis (fermented mare’s milk), and baursak (fried dough).
Local Markets: Explore the bustling bazaars, offering spices, dried fruits, and handmade goods.
Sustainable Living
As Turkestan develops, it integrates sustainable practices such as eco-tourism initiatives, restoration of historical sites, and support for traditional craftsmanship.
What Makes Turkestan Special?
Spiritual Legacy: A center of Islamic heritage and pilgrimage in Central Asia.
Rich History: Over 1,500 years of history reflected in its landmarks and traditions.
Cultural Vibrancy: Festivals, art, and traditional practices keep the city alive with Kazakh spirit.
Educational Hub: Home to a key institution fostering academic and cultural connections.
Conclusion
Turkestan is a city where the echoes of history meet the possibilities of the future. Whether exploring the ancient Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, delving into Silk Road history, or experiencing Kazakh culture, Turkestan offers an unforgettable journey that inspires both the heart and mind.